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倒裝句在中文中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),是一種典型的不按套路來(lái)的句子,掌握起來(lái)并不容易,可是倒裝句能夠讓你的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)變得更加地道,所以這次小編就為大家?guī)?lái)關(guān)于倒裝句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解。
倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)
倒裝句主要作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)被提前的部分,它是將正常的陳述語(yǔ)序加以變化。
倒裝句可分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝兩種:
一、部分倒裝
只將助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)移至主語(yǔ)之前,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位置不變,叫做部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)。
如:Only once was John late to class.
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesnt her invitation appeal to you?
二、全部倒裝
將主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前至主語(yǔ)之前,叫做完全倒裝(Complete Inversion)。
如:In came a man with a white beard
Out came his guest
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
倒裝句的定義
一、定義
主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱(chēng)為倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order),為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等語(yǔ)的目的而顛倒原有語(yǔ)序的句式叫做倒裝句。在倒裝句中,顛倒了的成分能夠恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變,句法成分不變。
二、類(lèi)型
1、全部倒裝
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前至主語(yǔ)之前為全部倒裝。
e.g.There was a drop in the temperature.
2、部分倒裝
助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位置不變,即為部分倒裝。
e.g. Must you arrive here at 10 am.
3、否定詞提前倒裝,否定詞用于句首時(shí),句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝。
否定詞常用的有:
Not only…(but also),Not until(直到……才),No sooner…(than)(一……就),Never RarelySeldom,HardlyScarcely,F(xiàn)ewLittle,NeitherNor (也不),At no time,Under no circumstances(決不),On no account (決不),In no way,其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分別和but (also), than, when搭配使用。
e.g. No sooner had I arrived school than it began to rain.
4、副詞提前倒裝
副詞提至句首引起倒裝,可分以下幾種情景:
only + 副詞(when, before, if, after等)或only+介詞狀語(yǔ)(由in, under, by, on, after等引導(dǎo))提前,必須部分倒裝。
e.g. Only in this way can you solve the problem
often, such, so等副詞提前,部分倒裝。注意,so的另一種倒裝是表示“也…”
e.g. California relies heavily on ine from crops, and so does Florida
neither,nor的倒裝
e.g. He cant dance, neithernor can I
in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副詞提前,全部倒裝。
倒裝句的意義
。ㄒ唬┑寡b句的意義
1、適應(yīng)必須的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,主要是指疑問(wèn)句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。
e.g. May I e in?
Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一部分,而把這部分放到句首,構(gòu)成倒裝。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term。
So early did he e to school that no other students came
(二)倒裝的使用情景
1、在 “there be” 結(jié)構(gòu)里,there是引導(dǎo)詞,主語(yǔ)在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table
2、在疑問(wèn)句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?
What does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副詞開(kāi)頭的某些句子里(要用一般此刻時(shí)態(tài))。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞,主語(yǔ)和主要?jiǎng)釉~的詞序不變。(完全倒裝)
e.g. There goes the bell
Here is an apple for you
There she es
4、重復(fù)倒裝句型,用在以so, nor, neither開(kāi)頭,表示謂語(yǔ)所述的情景也適用于另一個(gè)人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句,表示“也一樣”、“也這樣”;nor, neither用于否定句,表示“同樣也不,也不這樣”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she
My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5、直接引語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí),主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。(完全倒裝)
e.g. “Very well,” said the French student.
“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.
6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中,采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
比較:I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
7、用于以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中。倒裝句講解
e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
注意:如果only后的詞組不是狀語(yǔ),不需倒裝。
e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.
8、為了表達(dá)生動(dòng),有時(shí)把表地點(diǎn)、方位的副詞,如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首,同時(shí)把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。若主語(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置不變,只將副詞放在句首。(完全倒裝)
e.g. Away hurried the boy.
Out rushed the girl.
9、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要倒裝(形容詞 副詞 名詞 動(dòng)詞 + as + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ))。
e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.(child前不加冠詞)
Hard as he worded, he made little progress.
10、在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中,條件從句的謂語(yǔ)包含were, had 和should這三個(gè)詞是,可省去if,將這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。
e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he e (=If he should e), tell him to ring me up.
11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
e.g. May you succeed!
Long live the Peoples Republic of China!
12、So + 形容詞、副詞及such 置于句首時(shí)要倒裝。
So happy did he feel.Such was me.
學(xué)習(xí)倒裝句的方法提煉
掌握倒裝句的關(guān)鍵在于記住哪些部分需要提前,分清倒裝類(lèi)別。熟記倒裝特征與類(lèi)型。做題方法:一看強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,二看主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù),三看謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)定助動(dòng)詞。
第一類(lèi):總結(jié)全部倒裝的條件
1、句首:表示方位,方向地點(diǎn)或時(shí)光的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)置于句首且主語(yǔ)是名詞的全部倒裝
如:Here es a bus .Here it es(主語(yǔ)是代詞的不倒裝)。
Here,there,then,up,down,away,off,in the room,on the wall 等置于句首。
2、謂語(yǔ):表示靜態(tài)存在或動(dòng)態(tài)趨勢(shì)的動(dòng)詞如:位于(lie)沖(rush)來(lái)(e)走(go)跑(run)升(rise)站立(stand)。╨ive)坐(sit)掛(hang)
總結(jié)公式There (on the wall,in the south of …)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)
第二類(lèi):總結(jié)部分倒裝(半倒裝)的條件。
1、具有否定半否定意義的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首。
Never , nor ,not ,hardly(幾乎不),little ,seldom ,scarcely(幾乎不),rarely(少有地),at no time(任何時(shí)候決不)inunder no circumstances ,in no case(任何情景下決不)by no means(任何方式?jīng)Q不)on no condition(任何條件決不)等放句首時(shí)。
以及句式:No sooner had sb done sth than sb did sth.(一……就……)
Hardlyscarcely had sb done when sb did sth. (一……就……)
2、so或neither或nor表示“也也不”
句式SoNeitherNor+一般疑問(wèn)句
如—You are a student
—So am I.
—You aren’t a teacher.
—NeitherNor is he.
3、sosuch… that…表示如此… 以至于…
句式:sosuch…+一般疑問(wèn)句+that…
如:He is such a good student that all his classmates admire him
——Such a good student is he that all his classmates admire him
The weather is so fine that all of us want to go outing
——So fine is the weather that all of us want to go outing
4、以hadwereshould開(kāi)頭省略if的虛擬條件句
句式hadshould +主+謂
Were+主+其他
如If I were you(were I you),I should study hand
If he had studied hard (Had he studied hard), he could have made great progress last term
If it should rain (should it rain), I would stay at home
5、only+狀語(yǔ)(介詞短語(yǔ)。副詞和狀語(yǔ)從句)放句首,主句需要部分倒裝
句式:only+狀語(yǔ)+一般疑問(wèn)句
注意:only修飾主語(yǔ)句子不倒裝
Only after the war did he learn the sad news
Only when he returned did we find out the truth
Only he can answer the question
完全倒裝句簡(jiǎn)析
完全倒裝(Full Inversion),又稱(chēng)“全部倒裝”,是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前,此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般此刻時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
1、將表語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(多為介詞短語(yǔ))置于句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),其后通常用倒裝語(yǔ)序
e.g. Around the lake are some apple trees.
湖的四周有些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)。
* 在表語(yǔ)置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,要注意其中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持一致,而不是與位于句首的表語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持一致。
2、以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副詞開(kāi)頭的句子,且句子主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),句子用完全倒裝,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為代詞,則不用倒裝。
e.g. Here es the postman
郵遞員來(lái)了。
3、There be +主語(yǔ) + 地點(diǎn)或時(shí)光狀語(yǔ)
e.g. There are some birds singing in the tree
一些鳥(niǎo)兒在樹(shù)上唱歌。
There was a girl stood on the table
有一個(gè)女孩站在桌上。
部分倒裝句簡(jiǎn)析
一、否定詞提前
常見(jiàn)的否定詞有Not only…but also,HardlyScarcely…when,No sooner… than等等。
e.g.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her
Not only you but also I am fond of music
二、so,neither,nor作部分倒裝
e.g.Tom can speak French. So can Jack
She wont go to that university, neither will I
三、only在句首
e.g. Only in this way can you answer the question
四、由as, though 引導(dǎo)
e.g. Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily
五、here,there引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),就要用部分倒裝句。
e.g. Here we are.
好了以上就是需要使用部分倒裝句的五種情景,大家都掌握了嗎?倒裝句雖然難,但一旦學(xué)好了,你的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)就會(huì)更加地道,在口語(yǔ)考試中是加分點(diǎn)哦!期望大家能靜下心了,參考例句一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的理解語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),逐步深入,相信最終必須會(huì)有所收獲的。
英語(yǔ)倒裝句的修辭功能
一、 表示強(qiáng)調(diào):
倒裝句最突出、最常見(jiàn)的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào),其表現(xiàn)形式如下:
1、only +狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝。
e.g.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 僅有用這種方法,你才能夠解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
e.g.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.僅有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自我犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
2、not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用部分倒裝。
e.g. No sooner had I got home than it be.g.an to rain. 我剛到家就下起了雨。
e.g. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車(chē)上班。
3、so such……that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首能夠構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so such和that之間的部分。
e.g.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要價(jià)太離譜,令每個(gè)人都瞠目結(jié)舌。
e.g.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排進(jìn)行得那么長(zhǎng),以致于那兩個(gè)演員都走出去了。
以上各例子都用倒裝語(yǔ)序突出了句首成分,其語(yǔ)氣較自然語(yǔ)序強(qiáng)烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。
二、 承上啟下
有時(shí)倒裝可把前一句說(shuō)到的人或物,或與前一句有聯(lián)系的人或物在下一句緊之后先說(shuō)出來(lái),從而使前后兩句在意思上的關(guān)系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。
e.g.They broke into her uncles bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.
他們破門(mén)進(jìn)入她叔叔的臥室,發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。
e.g. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.
我們確實(shí)不應(yīng)因?yàn)楸环Q(chēng)作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,并且還會(huì)繼續(xù)是窮光蛋。
三、 制造懸念,渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中,有時(shí)為了資料的需要,或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào),作者常常運(yùn)用倒裝來(lái)制造懸念,渲染氣氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墻上掛著一幅精美的圖畫(huà)。
再如朗費(fèi)羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節(jié):
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般此刻時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有:
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be,e,go,lie,run.
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首,謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber
Ahead sat an old woman
注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如:Here he es. Away they went
倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did,并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。
1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ),如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room
當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
注意:如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance
The mother didn‘t leave the room until the child fell asleep
倒裝句使用情景
在出現(xiàn)以下情景時(shí),需要使用部分倒裝:
情景一:only修飾的狀語(yǔ)(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句)位于句首;
如:Only after three operations was he able to walk
做過(guò)三次手術(shù)之后,他才能行走。
值得注意的是,當(dāng)only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),則不倒裝。
如:Only that girl knew how to work out the problem
僅有那位女生明白怎樣解那道題。
情景二:包含否定意義的副詞(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首;
如:Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man
我一生很少見(jiàn)過(guò)這么勇敢的人。
Little did he realize the danger he faced
他幾乎沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到他面臨的危險(xiǎn)。
情景三:soneithernor開(kāi)頭的句子,說(shuō)明前面的資料也適用于后者時(shí),用倒裝句“soneithernor+behave助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。
如:John cant speak Japanese, nor can Helen
約翰不會(huì)講日語(yǔ),海倫也不會(huì)。
情景四:not only……(but also)……位于句首引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí),前一個(gè)分句中的主謂要采用部分倒裝,第二個(gè)分句則不倒裝。
如:Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels
他不但在學(xué)校教書(shū),并且還寫(xiě)小說(shuō)。
部分倒裝(Partial Inversion),又稱(chēng)半倒裝句,指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不發(fā)生變化。在許多特定的句型中經(jīng)常需要使用部分倒裝,所以部分倒裝的適用情景要多于完全倒裝,需要著重記憶。
中考英語(yǔ)倒裝句剖析
1. 當(dāng)句首為副詞here ,there 且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí),應(yīng)用完全倒裝。
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
2. only 修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用部分倒裝。
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
Only when you told me did I know her name.
注意:如果 only 修飾的不是狀語(yǔ),則句子不倒裝。
Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.
3. 表示對(duì)前者的陳述也適用后者時(shí),肯定倒裝用 so + 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 后者,前句事否定,而后面的人也不怎么樣時(shí)用 neither / nor + 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + sb。
He can speak English,so can I.
If she doesnt go there tomorrow,neither / nor will I.
注意
1) so + 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) 表示前者的主語(yǔ)和后者的主語(yǔ)的情況一樣,所談到的是兩個(gè)人,意為也是這樣
2) so + 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示前者和后者所指同一人時(shí),說(shuō)話(huà)者表示同意前者的觀點(diǎn),意為的確如此。
- Li Lei likes sports.
- So he does and so do I.
4. 由 not only but also 引起的并列句,若將 not only 置于句首時(shí),該分句應(yīng)部分倒裝, but also 引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝。
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